" The term "race" was first applied to humans during European 

colonial expansion in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Use of the term has long reflected beliefs about biological superiority

and inferiority in the context of colonial power. It does not always

follow the formulas light skin = good and darker skin = bad...."

Steckley, John. 2017. Elements of Sociology: A Critical Canadian Introduction. Don Mills, Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press.